Technical principles of operation
- Cavitation
- Fluid pumped through the device creates areas of low pressure, forming tiny-sized or nano bubbles
- Bubbles collapse at critical size
- Causes shock waves, releasing extreme, but localized heat and pressure (~ 3600ºF and ~1500 psi), breaking covalent bonds
- Effect on water
- H20 dissociates to form H and an OH• hydroxyl radicals
- Some OH• radicals combine to form H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
- Remaining water is negatively charged and "thinner"
• Water normally occurs in clusters of 20 molecules
• The Ionizer breaks water into smaller clusters of 3-5 molecules
- Results
- Water slides effortlessly through pumps
• Significantly increases water disposal and injection rates
• Lowers injection pressure and reduces electricity bill for pumping
- Surface tension is reduced between water and oil
- Oil is freed from the reservoir by the water's negative charge
- Emulsions are broken, separating oil from produced water
- pH and Electrical Charge
- The Ionizer changes both the pH and electrical charge of produced or industrial water. In both cases the degree of change is a function of the cleanliness of the water, since ultra-pure, distilled water isn’t transformed while more dirty or saline water changes meaningfully.
- The pH of relatively clean, city water doesn’t change much at all, while with salty or dirty water, the pH typically increases by 1.1.
- As to electric charge, city water typically attains 50-60 milliamps while saline/dirty water attains 200-225 milliamps. For this reason, the extent of the charge is indigenous to a particular water. This is not an induced charge, since there is not current or magnet applied to the water. Unlike with the H2O2 and much like a battery, the charge stays on the water until it is discharged.